Demography and Behaviour of Teinopodagrion oscillans (Odonata: Megapodagrionidae) in a Protected Area of the Colombian Andean Region.

The demography and behaviour of Teinopodagrion oscillans was studied in a protected area in the Andean region of Colombia. Adult damselflies were individually marked, and using their recapture histories, we estimated survival, longevity, sex ratio, and population size using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Other aspects of their behaviour were recorded. Survival, recapture, and lifespan (14.1 ± 0.59 days) were similar for both sexes and all age groups. Mature males were larger, and the distance from the water was similar for all individuals. The most supported model was the time-dependent model for survival and recapture. This suggests that weather variations affect the demography of this population in a significant way. Individuals exhibited high fidelity to their site perch, perching with open wings near water on a variety of perches. Mature males make short flights from the perch to intercept conspecific and interspecific males and to hunt prey. The tandem position was formed on macrophytes, and then the pair flew away. Oviposition lasted for 11.23 min on average, with the females ovipositing by abdomen submersion. Our results offer insights into the demographic characteristics and behaviour of this species, providing crucial information for the short- and long-term, from the demography of one species to the conservation of ecosystems of the Andean region.

Sexual Activity in Peruvian Adolescents: Relevance of Socio-Demographic Variables and Sexual Attitudes.

The aim of this study was to explain the masturbation frequency and sexual relationships in adolescents based on age, religious adherence, erotophilia, attitudes toward sexual fantasies and masturbation, and the traditional sexual double standard. A sample of 1120 Peruvian adolescents aged 13-17 years responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire and different scales about sexuality. The frequency of masturbation and sexual relationships, as well as in the sexual attitudes evaluated differed by sex, with boys scoring higher. The masturbation frequency was explained by erotophilia in boys, and by positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies in both sexes. The frequency of sexual relationships was explained by age and positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies in boys and only by the latter in girls. Positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies stand out as a variable for understanding sexual activity in adolescents.

Los productos de calidad inferior o sub estándar en el Perú en el periodo 2015 ­ 2019. Potenciales consecuencias contra la salud pública / Products of inferior quality or substandard in Peru in the period 2015 - 2019. Potential consequences against public health

En el presente estudio se determinó la cantidad de productos sub estándar según la clasificación descrita en la ley 29459: "Ley de los productos farmacéuticos, dispositivos médicos y productos sanitarios", analizados en el Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad del Instituto Nacional de Salud-Perú (CNCC), durante el periodo 2015-2019

Psychological Factors Affecting Risk Perception of COVID-19: Evidence from Peru and China.

COVID-19 has spread around the world, causing a global pandemic, and to date is impacting in various ways in both developed and developing countries. We know that the spread of this virus is through people's behavior despite the perceived risks. Risk perception plays an important role in decision-making to prevent infection. Using data from the online survey of participants in Peru and China (N = 1594), data were collected between 8 July 31 and August 2020. We found that levels of risk perception are relatively moderate, but higher in Peru compared to China. In both countries, anxiety, threat perception, self-confidence, and sex were found to be significant predictors of risk perception; however, trust in the information received by government and experts was significant only in Peru, whereas self-confidence had a significant negative effect only for China. Risk communication should be implemented through information programs aimed at reducing anxiety and improving self-confidence, taking into consideration gender differences. In addition, the information generated by the government should be based on empirical sources. Finally, the implications for effective risk communication and its impacts on the health field are discussed.

Twins from different fathers: A heteropaternal superfecundation case report in Colombia. / Gemelos de diferentes padres: un caso de superfecundación heteropaternal en Colombia

Heteropaternal superfecundation is an extremely rare phenomenon that occurs when a second ova released during the same menstrual cycle is additionally fertilized by the sperm cells of a different man in separate sexual intercourse. In August, 2018, the Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación at Universidad Nacional de Colombia received a request to establish the paternity of a pair of male twins with genetic markers. The following analyses were performed: amelogenin gene, autosomal short tandem repeat (STR), and Y-STR analyses by means of human identification commercial kits, paternity index, and the probability of paternity calculation and interpretation. A paternity index of 2.5134E+7 and a probability of paternity of 99.9999% for twin 2 were obtained while 14 out of 17 Y-chromosome markers and 14 out of 21 autosomal short tandem repeats were excluded for twin 1. The results indicated that the twins have different biological fathers. Although heteropaternal superfecundation is rarely observed among humans given its low frequency, in paternity disputes for dizygotic twins it is mandatory to demand the presence of the two twins in the testing to avoid wrong conclusions.

La superfecundación heteropaternal es un fenómeno extremadamente raro que se produce cuando un segundo óvulo, liberado durante el mismo ciclo menstrual, es fertilizado por un espermatozoide de un hombre diferente en relaciones sexuales separadas. En agosto de 2018, el Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia recibió una solicitud para establecer la paternidad mediante marcadores genéticos de un par de mellizos varones, en quienes se hizo el análisis del gen de amelogenina, el análisis de repeticiones cortas en tándem (Short Tandem Repeats, STR) autosómicas y del cromosoma Y (Y-STR) mediante kits comerciales de identificación humana y cálculos e interpretación del índice de paternidad y probabilidad de paternidad. Se obtuvo un índice de paternidad de 2,5134E+7 y una probabilidad de paternidad de 99,9999 % para el gemelo 2, en tanto que en el gemelo 1 se excluyeron 14 de los 17 marcadores del cromosoma Y y 14 de los 21 sistemas STR autosómicos evaluados. Los resultados indicaron que los gemelos tienen diferentes padres biológicos. A pesar de que la superfecundación heteropaternal rara vez se observa en humanos debido a su baja frecuencia, en las disputas de paternidad para los gemelos dicigóticos, es obligatorio exigir en la prueba la presencia de los dos gemelos para evitar conclusiones incorrectas.

Twins from different fathers: A heteropaternal superfecundation case report in Colombia / Gemelos de diferentes padres: un caso de superfecundación heteropaternal en Colombia

Abstract: Heteropaternal superfecundation is an extremely rare phenomenon that occurs when a second ova released during the same menstrual cycle is additionally fertilized by the sperm cells of a different man in separate sexual intercourse. In August, 2018, the Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación at Universidad Nacional de Colombia received a request to establish the paternity of a pair of male twins with genetic markers. The following analyses were performed: amelogenin gene, autosomal short tandem repeat (STR), and Y-STR analyses by means of human identification commercial kits, paternity index, and the probability of paternity calculation and interpretation. A paternity index of 2.5134E+7 and a probability of paternity of 99.9999% for twin 2 were obtained while 14 out of 17 Y-chromosome markers and 14 out of 21 autosomal short tandem repeats were excluded for twin 1. The results indicated that the twins have different biological fathers. Although heteropaternal superfecundation is rarely observed among humans given its low frequency, in paternity disputes for dizygotic twins it is mandatory to demand the presence of the two twins in the testing to avoid wrong conclusions.

Resumen: La superfecundación heteropaternal es un fenómeno extremadamente raro que se produce cuando un segundo óvulo, liberado durante el mismo ciclo menstrual, es fertilizado por un espermatozoide de un hombre diferente en relaciones sexuales separadas. En agosto de 2018, el Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia recibió una solicitud para establecer la paternidad mediante marcadores genéticos de un par de mellizos varones, en quienes se hizo el análisis del gen de amelogenina, el análisis de repeticiones cortas en tándem (Short Tandem Repeats, STR) autosómicas y del cromosoma Y (Y-STR) mediante kits comerciales de identificación humana y cálculos e interpretación del índice de paternidad y probabilidad de paternidad. Se obtuvo un índice de paternidad de 2,5134E+7 y una probabilidad de paternidad de 99,9999 % para el gemelo 2, en tanto que en el gemelo 1 se excluyeron 14 de los 17 marcadores del cromosoma Y y 14 de los 21 sistemas STR autosómicos evaluados. Los resultados indicaron que los gemelos tienen diferentes padres biológicos. A pesar de que la superfecundación heteropaternal rara vez se observa en humanos debido a su baja frecuencia, en las disputas de paternidad para los gemelos dicigóticos, es obligatorio exigir en la prueba la presencia de los dos gemelos para evitar conclusiones incorrectas.

Description of a new species of Andaeschna (Odonata: Aeshnidae) from the Western Colombian Andes.

Andaeschna is a small and poorly known genus of dragonflies that inhabits the Andes, from Venezuela to northwestern Argentina. Here we describe Andaeschna occidentalis sp. nov., first species of the genus recorded in the Western Andes, specifically from the Tatamá National Park in Colombia. Males of this species can be differentiated from the other four species in the genus by the unique shape of the distal segment of the vesica spermalis. Likewise, females can be distinguished by their smaller and broader cerci (slightly shorter than S9) and its subquadrate point. The discovery of this beautiful species expands the range of the genus, previously known only in the Eastern Andes.

Description of the last stadium larva of Erythrodiplax abjecta (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) from the eastern Colombian Andes.

The final stadium larva of Erythrodiplax abjecta (Rambur) is described and illustrated based on reared and field collected specimens from Colombia.

Odonata from protected areas in Colombia with new records and description of Cora verapax sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Polythoridae).

Colombia is one of the megadiverse countries in the world, but paradoxically it is one of the less explored. The recent red list assessments show the country has the highest number of endangered species in the Neotropical region. Nevertheless, the sampling effort is low especially in protected areas, which probably can harbor some of the rare species included in the red list. As a result of recent surveys in six protected areas of Colombia, we report twelve new records and describe Cora verapax sp. nov., a rare species, collected after more than 300 days of field surveys at the National Natural Park Tatamá. In addition, we compiled and mapped published Odonata records from 2001 until now for Colombian protected areas (136 spp.). Among the new records, some species were formerly known as endemics from Panama and Ecuador, and five species are reported for the first time inside protected areas, showing the importance of surveys in these special territories and bringing new data for conservation actions, as red list assessment or future management plans.

Doble moral sexual y violencia de género / Double moral and sexual violence

En este estudio teórico se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre, la doble moral que constituye un factor relevante en la explicación de la violencia conyugal, de la misma forma se resalta la importancia de disponer, de instrumentos fiables y válidos para su evaluación de este constructo. La relevancia de esta actitud machista (doble moral sexual) radica en que, en la mujer, se han asociado a experiencias de abuso por parte de su pareja, por lo que su evaluación es importante a la hora de estudiar la violencia de género. Se analizan diferentes estudios específicos, de la adaptación de la Double Standard Scale, en diversas poblaciones, poniendo de manifiesto los estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, Europa y países como Brasil, el Salvador y Perú, siendo este último tema de mayor atención. Por último se resalta la necesidad de contar con instrumentos adaptados a las poblaciones objeto de estudio que permitan evaluar dichas actitudes de manera fiable y válida.

In this theoretical study we review the literature on the double standard that is a relevant factor in explaining domestic violence, just as it explaining domestic violence, just as it higlights the importance of having reliable and valid instrument for assessment of this construct. the relevance of this macho attitude (sexual double standard) is that, in women, have been associated with experiences of abuse by an intimate partner, so their evaluation is important when studying gender violence. After analyzing several specific studies of the adaptation of the Double Standard Scale, in various populations, highligthting studies in United States, Europe and countries such as Brazil, El Salvador and Perú, the latter being subject to greater attention. Finally it highlights the need for appropriate tools to study populations to assess such attitudes in a reliable and valid.

Técnica modificada de obtención de muestras del mediastino mediante punción transbronquial bajo guía de ecografía endobronquial: resultados de un estudio prospectivo observacional / Modified Technique for Obtaining Mediastinal Samples With Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: Results from a Prospective Observational Study

Antecedentes: La aspiración mediante punción transbronquial bajo guía de ecografía transbronquial (EBUS-TBNA) es un método ampliamente aceptado para la obtención de muestras de ganglios linfáticos mediastínicos tanto benignos como malignos. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos con una modificación que simplifica la técnica de obtención de muestras denominada «capilaridad con aguja fina» o EBUS-FNC. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional de 44 pacientes consecutivos a los que se practicó una EBUS en la Clínica de la Universidad de Navarra de Pamplona (España). Todas las muestras se obtuvieron mediante EBUS-FNC en vez de con la EBUS-TBNA convencional. No se aplicó aspiración y en ningún momento se retiró por completo el estilete interno. Resultados: La exploración del mediastino mediante EBUS identificó la presencia de adenopatías o masas mediastínicas en 38 pacientes (86,4%). Se obtuvieron muestras de más de un ganglio linfático en 23 pacientes (52,3%). La EBUS-FNC proporcionó un material adecuado y representativo para realizar la interpretación en todos los pacientes, y el rendimiento diagnóstico fue del 87%. La sensibilidad para la detección del cáncer de pulmón con la EBUS-FNC fue del 84%. Se registraron complicaciones menores tan solo en 2 pacientes (4,5%). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio sugiere que la EBUS-FNC es una técnica segura y comparable a la EBUS-TBNA en cuanto a su eficacia y obtención de muestras adecuadas(AU)

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a widely-accepted method for obtaining both benign and malignant mediastinal lymph node samples. We present the results obtained with a modification that simplifies sampling, known as fine-needle capillary sampling or EBUS-FNC. Methods: A prospective observational study with 44 consecutive patients who underwent EBUS at the University of Navarra Clinic in Pamplona, Spain. All samples were obtained by EBUS-FNC instead of by conventional EBUS-TBNA. No suction was used, and the internal stylus was not completely withdrawn at any time. Results: The examination of the mediastinum by means of EBUS identified the presence of lymphadenopathies or mediastinal masses in 38 patients (86.4%). Samples were taken from more than one lymph node in 23 patients (52.3%). EBUS-FNC provided adequate and representative material for interpretation in all patients, and diagnostic performance was 87%. Sensitivity for the detection of lung cancer with EBUS-FNC was 84%. Mild complications were only recorded in two patients (4.5%). Conclusions: Our study suggests that EBUS-FNC is a safe technique, comparable to EBUS-TBNA in efficacy, and is able to obtain adequate samples(AU)

Modified technique for obtaining mediastinal samples with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: results from a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a widely-accepted method for obtaining both benign and malignant mediastinal lymph node samples. We present the results obtained with a modification that simplifies sampling, known as fine-needle capillary sampling or EBUS-FNC. METHODS: A prospective observational study with 44 consecutive patients who underwent EBUS at the University of Navarra Clinic in Pamplona (Spain). All samples were obtained by EBUS-FNC instead of by conventional EBUS-TBNA. No suction was used, and the internal stylus was not completely withdrawn at any time. RESULTS: The examination of the mediastinum by means of EBUS identified the presence of lymphadenopathies or mediastinal masses in 38 patients (86.4%). Samples were taken from more than one lymph node in 23 patients (52.3%). EBUS-FNC provided adequate and representative material for interpretation in all patients, and diagnostic performance was 87%. Sensitivity for the detection of lung cancer with EBUS-FNC was 84%. Mild complications were only recorded in two patients (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that EBUS-FNC is a safe technique, comparable to EBUS-TBNA in efficacy, and is able to obtain adequate samples.

Efectos de la aplicación de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso sobre la conducta de evitación experiencial en competencia en jóvenes tenistas de la ciudad de Bogotá / Effects of application of the acceptance and commitment therapy on the behavior of experiential avoidance in competition in young tennis players in the city of Bogotá

Este estudio tuvo como propósito intervenir en la conducta de evitación experiencial, evidenciada en tres tenistas de 16 y 17 años, a través de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso. Se evaluó la evitación experiencial mediante dos instrumentos. El primero es el registro de dicha conducta exhibida por cada participante, el segundo es el Cuestionario de Aceptación - Acción adaptado al español y revisado por un filólogo. La intervención constó de cuatro sesiones. Para la medición por registros en el pretest y postest se programaron dos torneos en los cuales cada jugador compitió en tres ocasiones. Los resultados muestran un decremento en la frecuencia de la conducta de evitación experiencial, sin embargo, la disminución en los puntajes en el cuestionario no es proporcional entre los dos jugadores que participaron en la totalidad de la investigación.

The purpose of this study was to intervene in the behavior of experiential avoidance evidenced in three tennis players ages 16 and 17 by means of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The experiential avoidance was measured through two instruments. The first was through recognition of behavior exhibited by each participant, and the second was through the Acceptance Questionnaire - Action (AAQ) adapted to Spanish and revised by a philologist. The intervention consisted of four sessions. For measuring the registrations in the pretest and posttest, two tournaments were designed in which each player competed on three occasions. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the frequency of the behavior of experiential avoidance. However, the decrease in the score of the AAQ is not proportional in the two tennis players that participed in the entirety of the investigation.

Cancer, inteligencia emocional y ansiedad en EsSALUD-Cusco. Una aproximación a la psiconcología / Cancer, emotional intelligence and anxiety in EsSALUD-Cusco an approach to the psychoncology

Esta investigación parte de motivaciones personales y sociales; sabemos por estadísticas que hoy en día las enfermedades neoplásicas están incrementándose cada vez más debido a diversas causas, aún no determinadas. La presente investigación denominada: "Cáncer, inteligencia emocional y ansiedad una aproximación a la psiconcología"; tiene como objetivo primordial buscar la relación existente entre estas dos variables que son la inteligencia emocional y la ansiedad en pacientes oncológicos. Desde los objetivos e hipótesis planteados en la presente investigación y luego del análisis de los diferentes datos obtenidos, se afirma que existe una correlación entre la inteligencia emocional y los niveles de ansiedad de los pacientes oncológicos, lo cual fue comprobado mediante el análisis del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. La muestra estuvo conformada por 66 pacientes ambos sexos, un 35.3 por ciento pertenecientes a 22 pacientes de sexo masculino y con un porcentaje mayor de 64.7 por ciento pertenecientes al género femenino 44 pacientes. El análisis de correlación según Pearson nos mostró la existencia de una correlación negativa entre las variables de inteligencia emocional y niveles de ansiedad con un coeficiente de correlación de r-339 (p=00.5), en este tipo de pacientes de ESSALUD-Cusco.

Plano de ação para prevenção da dengue na área de abrangência da equipe de Saúde da Família de Lavrinha na Cidade de Lavras

A dengue é um problema de saúde publica que vem preocupando cada vez mais, devido a alta incidência e as altas taxas de letalidade no país. A partir da realização do Diagnostico Situacional de Saúde da área de abrangência da Equipe de Saúde da Família de Lavrinha, Minas Gerais, verificou-se que a dengue é um problema sanitário; o território de abrangência da equipe de saúde apresentou o maior número de casos da doença no município Lavras. Este trabalho propõe um plano de ação de enfrentamento da doença pela comunidade na área da Equipe de Saúde da Família Lavrinha. Este plano inclui a promoção de ações para produzir mudanças no comportamento da população baseada no aumento do conhecimento em relação à transmissão e criatórios, buscando maior envolvimento das pessoas na diminuição do índice de infestação do mosquito Aedes Aegypti na comunidade de abrangência. O objetivo, deste trabalho, é incentivar a promoção de ações de educação em saúde e atualizar conhecimentos sobre as técnicas educativas e o combate a dengue para toda a equipe de saúde. Através da utilização do plano de ação esperamos que toda a população mantenha suas casas e quintais sim reservatórios que podam acumular agua, conheça os sintomas e riscos que a dengue apresenta para sua saúde. Espera-se também o aprimoramento do conhecimento em relação à linha guia de dengue para toda a equipe de saúde.